GELUGPA (dgelugs-pa), Tib., roughly “school of the virtuous”; the last to be established of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism, founded by Tsongkhapa. This doctrinal tradition, pursuant to that of the Kadampa, lays particular emphasis on the observation of monastic rules (Vinaya-pitaka) and thorough study of authoritative texts. Principal among these is the literature on the stages of the path (lamrim) and the systematic works on the various Buddhist doctrinal views (Siddhānta). Since the installation of the dalai lamas as heads of state in the 17th century, the Gelugpas have held political leadership.
The doctrinal system of the Gelugpas is based on the writings of Tsongkhapa and his two main disciples Gyaltshab (1364-1432) and Khedrub (1385-1483). After having had a vision of Mañjushrī, Tsongkhapa formulated in voluminous commentaries the Mādhyamika view that is regarded as authoritative for his school. In the meditation manuals composed by him, it is described in great detail how to arrive at this insight. Besides basic contemplations of the inadequacy of the cycle of existence (samsāra), the arousing of the mind of enlightenment (bodhicitta) is given a preeminent position. Only after having aroused bodhicitta can insight into the true reality of phenomena be gained.
Thus the actual spiritual practice consists in achieving concentration (samādhi). In his writings Tsongkhapa incisively demonstrated how this goal may be reached through the differentiated states of equilibrium of dwelling in tranquility (shamatha) and through special insight (vipashyanā). Also the teachings of the Tantras are regarded by the Gelugpas as a special technique for the realization of this state of equilibrium.
Source: The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen. Shambhala Publications, Inc.
Documents on Gelugpa School
Books on Gelugpa
External Links: Gelug / Je Tsongkhapa / Khedrup Gelek Pelzang / Gyaltsab Je / Gedun Drupa